THE WORLD BIRDS - An Online Bird Book
GRUIFORMES
Gruiformes means "crane-like", The order include 14 species of large cranes, about 145 species of smaller crakes and rails, as well as a variety of families comprising a small number of species.
Guiformes has the following families
Family Rallidae: Crakes, Rails (New World)
See also Crakes, Rails (Old World)
The
crakes, and
rails of the
Railidae family generally occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. They are omnivores.
Most nest in dense vegetation. Most species walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. Some coots and gallinules have a "frontal shield",
which is a fleshy rearward extension of the upper bill. The flight of those Rallidae able to fly, while not very powerful, can be sustained for long periods of time and many species undertake annual migrations.
Genus Amaurolimnas - 1 species
Crake,_Uniform Amaurolimnas concolor Found: Mexico to South America
Image by: 1)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Daniel_Lopez-Velasco 2)
Hector_Bottai - Brazil

Genus Anurolimnas
Found in: South America
Crake,_Black-banded Anurolimnas fasciatus Found: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Image by: 1)
Joseph_Smit 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Luke_Seitz in Ecuador

Crake,_Chestnut-headed Anurolimnas castaneiceps also
Laterallus castaneiceps Found: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Image by: 1)
Joseph_Smit 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Tomaz_Melo

Crake,_Russet-crowned Anurolimnas viridis also
Laterallus viridis Found: South America
Image by:
1, 2) Alex_Popovkin - Brazil
3, 4)
Luiz Carlos Rocha - Brazil



Genus Aramides
The Wood-Rails.
Rail,_Brown_Wood- Aramides wolfi Found: Columbia, Ecuador
Image by: 1)
1) Nick_Athanas 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Eduardo_Carrion_Letort in Ecuador

Rail,_Giant Wood- Aramides ypecaha Found: South America
Image by:
1, 2) Dick Daniels -
World of Birds, South Africa 3)
Sandy
Cole - World of Birds
4)
Cludio Timm
- Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 5)
Claudio Timm - Brazil
6)
Cristiano Crolle - Esteros del Iberà, Argentina





Rail,_Gray-cowled_Wood- also
Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus Found: Costa Rica, Panama, South America
Image by: 1)
Casliber2) Alejandro 2)
Tamayo - Columbia 3)
Bernard_Dupont - Brazil


Rail,_Little_Wood- Aramides mangle Found: Brazil
Image by: 1)
Dario_Sanches 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Ciro_Albano

Rail,_Red-winged_Wood- Aramides calopterus Found: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Image by: 1)
pinterest
Rail,_Rufous-necked_Wood- Aramides axillaris Found: Mexico, Central America, northern South America
Image by:
1, 2) Jerry_Oldenettel - New Mexico 3)
Jorge_Montejo - Mexico


Rail,_Russet-naped_Wood-
Aramides albiventris Found: Mexico to Costa Rica
Image by: 1,
2) Hans Hillewaert - Costa Rica 3)
Dan_Irizarry - Nicaragua


Rail,_Slaty-breasted Wood- Aramides saracura Found: South America
Image by: 1)
Adrian198cm- Curitiba, Brazil
2, 3)
Dario Sanches -
Brazil


Genus Coturnicops
See also
Coturnicops Old World.
Rail,_Speckled Coturnicops notatus Found: South America
Image by: 1)
David_Juszczuk - Argentina Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online -
Alec_Earnshaw
Rail,_Yellow Coturnicops noveboracensis Found: North America
Image by: 1)
Lisapham 2)
Dominic Sherony - Michigan

Genus Cyanolimnas - 1 species
Rail,_Zapata Cyanolimnas cerverai Found: Cuba
Image by:
1)
Allan_Brooks
Genus Hapalocrex
Crake,_Yellow-breasted Hapalocrex flaviventer also
Porzana flaviventer Found: Mexico, Central and South America, Csribbean
Image by: 1)
Hector Bottai 2)
Claudio_D_Timm

Genus Laterallus
These small, relatively short-billed terrestrial rails are found among dense vegetation near water.
Crake,_Gray-breasted Laterallus exilis Found: Central and South America
Image by: 1)
Nick_Athanas 2. 3)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Henry_Sandi_Amador, Joao_Quental


Crake,_Red-and-white Laterallus leucopyrrhus Found: South America
Image by: 1)
Francesco_Veronesi - Brazil 2)
Tony_Morris 3)
Claudio Timm 4
) Nick_Athanas 5)
William_Kreijkes




Crake, Ruddy Laterallus ruber Found: Mexico to Costa Rica
Image by: 1, 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Jorge_Dange, Carlos_Echeverrial
1) Female

Crake,_Rufous-faced Laterallus xenopterus Found: Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Image by: 1. 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Cal Martins, Jon_Hornbuckle 3)
Hector_Bottai - Brazil


Crake,_Rufous-sided Laterallus melanophaius Found: South America
Image by:
1, 2) Claudio Timm - Brazil 3) Dario_Sanches 4)
Nick_Athanas



Crake,_Rusty-flanked Laterallus levraudi Found: Venezuela
Image by: 1)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Jhonathan_Miranda
Crake,_White-throated Laterallus albigularis Found: Central America, Columbia, Ecuador
Image by: 1)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Cory_Gregory in Costa Rica 2)
Dominic_Sherony 3)
Andy_Jones - Costa Rica


Rail,_Black Laterallus jamaicensis Found: The Americas
Image by: 1)
Danika Tsao, USGS 2)
Thomas Gilbert Pearson

Rail,_Galapagos also
Galapagos Crake Laterallus spilonota Found: Galapagos
Image by: 1)
John Gould 2)
Francisco Laso 3)
Andy_Kraemer


Genus Micropygia - 1 species
Crake,_Ocellated Micropygia schomburgkii Found: South America
Image by: 1, 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Jonatas_Roch, John_Mittermeier in Brazil, Suriname

Genus Mustelirallus
Crake, Ash-throated Mustelirallus albicollis Found: South America
Image by: 1)
Elis Simpson 2)
Joao Menezes - Brazil 3)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Mark_Dennis in Brazil


Crake,_Columbian Mustelirallus colombiana Found; Columbia, Ecuador, Panama
Image by: 1)
Bonner zoologische Monographien
Crake,_Paint-billed Mustelirallus erythrops Found: Costa, Panama, South America
Image by:
1)
Joseph_Smit 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Anselmo_d'Affonseca


Genus Pardirallus
These rails have a long greenish bill and reddish legs.
Rail,_Blackish Pardirallus nigricans Found: South America
Image by:
1) Nick_Athanas 2)
Ben Travener - Brazil 3)
Columbia Travel - Columbia 4)
Arley_Vargas
1) Juvenile - rear; adult - front.



Rail,_Plumbeous Pardirallus sanguinolentus Found: South America
Image by:
1, 2, 3) Cláudio Timm - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
4) Nick_Athanas - Argentina



Rail,_Spotted P
ardirallus maculatus Found: Mexico, Central America, South America
Image by: 1)
Gustavo_Fernando_Duran - Argentina 2)
Nick_Athanas - Peru 3)
Rick Simpson 4)
Hector_Bottai - Brazil



Genus Porzana
See also
Porzana Old World.
Crake,_Dot-winged Porzana spiloptera Found: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Image by:
1, 2, 3) Claudio_D_Timm


Sora Porzana carolina Found: The Americas
Image by:
1) Charlie Westerinen - Malheur National Widelife Reserve in Oregon 2)
Kelly Colgan Azar 3)
Elaine R. Wilson - the Birding Center, Port Aransas,
Texas
4, 5) Mike Baird - California
1) Juvenile
2, 3) Nonbreeding 4, 5) Breeding




Genus Rallus
These are slim, long-billed rails with slender legs. Their laterally flattened bodies are an adaptation to life in wet reedbeds and marshes, enabling them to slip easily through the dense semi-aquatic vegetation. Typically these birds have streaked brown upperparts, blue-grey on the face or breast, and barred flanks.
See also
Rallus Old World.
Rail,_Austral Rallus antarcticus Found: southern Argentina and Chile
Image by: 1)
Joseph_Smit 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Sebastian_Saiter_Villagran

Rail,_Aztec also
Mexican Rail Rallus tenuirostris Found: Mexico
Image by: 1)
Bryant_Olsen 2, 3)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Pete_Morris, Jose_Martinez


Rail,_Bogota Rallus semiplumbeus Found: Columbia
Image by:
1) Nick_Athanas 2)
Neil_Martinez

Rail,_Clapper Rallus crepitans Found: North America
Image by:
1)
Len Blumin 2)
Riverbanks Outdoor Store - Florida
3) Alan D. Wilson - South Padre Island, Texas
4) Dick Daniels - North Carolina



Rail,_King Rallus elegans Found: North America
Image by: 1)
Jim Rathert - Missouri
1, 3, 4) Carol Foil - Louisiana
1) Chick 2) Juvenile 3, 4) Male



Rail,_Mangrove Rallus longirostris Found: South America
Image by: 1)
Claudio_D_Timm - Brazil 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - Adriana_Rodríguez in Venezuela
1)
Rallus longirostris crassirostris

Rail,_Plain-flanked Rallus wetmorei Found: Venezuela
Image by: 1, 2)
Cornell_Univ's_Neotropical_Birds_Online - David J. Southall , Andrea_Fonseca

Rail,_Ridgway's Rallus obsoletus Found: San Francisco Bay, California to southern Baja California
Image by: 1)
Aaron_Maizlish - Oakland, California 2)
Len_Blumin - California 3)
Becky_Matsubara
1, 2) Juvenile


Rail,_Virginia Rallus limicola Found: The Americas
Image by: 1)
Mike Baird - California 2)
Blake Matheson - California 3)
Allan Hack 4)
Christian Fritschi - Quebec


